Native from central Texas, to New Mexico (where it is listed as vulnerable), south through Mexico to Vera Cruz, this frog of arid regions is highly aquatic and typically a stream dweller. However, it will utilize a variety of permanent water sources such as rivers, artificial ponds, cattle tanks, and agricultural irrigation ditches. Though seldom found away from water, they can survive short periods of dryness under rocks and by burrowing.
Adults can be 2-4 inches in length, and can be seen out during the day, but more likely at night. Active all year long except in periods of low temperature, Rio Grande Leopard Frogs shelter under rocks and in streamside vegetation. They are insectivorous, but like most frogs, will eat almost anything they can overpower and swallow. Tadpoles feed on algae, inorganic particles, and diatoms and are strong and adapted to swimming in streams against a current.
The males make a rattling call which is loud enough to be heard a quarter mile or more away. Mating occurs during the rainy periods of the spring and fall. Egg masses are attached to submerged vegetation. Tadpoles have been observed over-wintering in warmer parts of their range.
Like all amphibians, they absorb much through their skin, making them extremely vulnerable to any toxin (such as herbicides and pesticides) introduced into the habitat in which they live, and are an indicator of problems with the environment. Their greatest threats are all from humans, namely pollution, habitat destruction, and over-collection.
They are beneficial because they eat many of the insect pests that live among us and carry diseases, and in turn are preyed upon by larger animals in the food chain. We must not abuse these animals but allow them to live freely within their habitat, and appreciate the benefits they afford us.
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